pallava

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The Pallava dynasty was a South Indian royal lineage that ruled significant portions of the region, with Kanchipuram as its capital, from the 3rd to the 9th centuries CE.[1][2] Emerging after the decline of the Satavahanas and initially as feudatories, the Pallavas consolidated power under early rulers like Simhavishnu and expanded through military campaigns against contemporaries such as the Chalukyas.[3] Prominent monarchs including Mahendravarman I (c. 600–630 CE), who shifted from Jainism to Shaivism, pioneered rock-cut cave temple architecture, and authored the Sanskrit satirical play Mattavilasa Prahasana,[4] and his son Narasimhavarman I (630–668 CE), who defeated the Chalukya king Pulakesin II, sacked Vatapi, and conducted naval expeditions to Sri Lanka to restore Manavarman (also known as Manavanna) to the throne,[5] marked the dynasty's zenith in territorial control and cultural patronage.[3]